PCS do not officially support Linux on any of their builds and since they are Microsoft partners that's not likely to change. That's not to say that Linux won't run but, as you're discovering, it might not run well. I'm afraid you're very much on your own with Linux. You can experiment with alternative BIOSes of course but you will almost certainly void the warranty if you do.
It is worth noting though that being a Microsoft partner does not preclude you from using, "selling*" or supporting Linux in any way. I know this because I'm an MS partner for one thing but also because MS are the largest FOSS contributor out there and have been for some time.
Those "Linux is a cancer" days of Steve Ballmer are long gone.
Nor in cases like this, is it anything really to do with either PCS or Microsoft - it's how Clevo are choosing to hobble their BIOSes.
*I say selling in the loosest possible terms, of course.
Edit: I know MS made it difficult to put other OS'es on for a while with their initial use of Secure Boot, but again, that was soon solved by BIOSes being made able to turn it off. Apple make it even more difficult to put Linux on (Bootcamp has allowed native Windows dual booting for some years).
Second Edit: SATA / RAID modes don't generate any heat or lead to damage so why, like virtualisation extensions, are these settings not accessible in the BIOS is the real question. Alas, no one other than Clevo can answer it.